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Что (кто) такое knapsack function - определение
![multiple constrained problem]] could consider both the weight and volume of the boxes. <br />(Solution: if any number of each box is available, then three yellow boxes and three grey boxes; if only the shown boxes are available, then all except for the green box.)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Knapsack.svg?width=200 "multiple constrained problem]] could consider both the weight and volume of the boxes. <br />(Solution: if any number of each box is available, then three yellow boxes and three grey boxes; if only the shown boxes are available, then all except for the green box.)")
![The function mapping each year to its US motor vehicle death count, shown as a [[line chart]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Motor vehicle deaths in the US.svg?width=200 "The function mapping each year to its US motor vehicle death count, shown as a [[line chart]]")
![Graph of two trigonometric functions: [[sine]] and [[cosine]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sine cosine one period.svg?width=200 "Graph of two trigonometric functions: [[sine]] and [[cosine]].")
Википедия
The knapsack problem is the following problem in combinatorial optimization:
- Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine which items to include in the collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible.
It derives its name from the problem faced by someone who is constrained by a fixed-size knapsack and must fill it with the most valuable items. The problem often arises in resource allocation where the decision-makers have to choose from a set of non-divisible projects or tasks under a fixed budget or time constraint, respectively.
The knapsack problem has been studied for more than a century, with early works dating as far back as 1897. The name "knapsack problem" dates back to the early works of the mathematician Tobias Dantzig (1884–1956), and refers to the commonplace problem of packing the most valuable or useful items without overloading the luggage.
